![]() ![]() arabicus (n = 6) for the first time in Palestine. sergenti was the dominant (n = 773, 43%). Among 11427 collected sand flies, 7339 (64%) were females and 1786 (16%) were Phlebotomus spp. We calculated the abundance reduction (AR) using Mulla’s formula and negative binomial regression. We performed Next-Generation Sequencing to identify sand fly Leishmania spp. We measured weekly and 36hrs post-intervention sand fly abundance inside dens using CDC light traps. We implemented Permethrin thermal fogging in the intervention site at week 6. We estimated the effect of insecticide thermal fogging inside hyrax dens on sand fly density and leishmania infection.ĭuring July-September 2019, we conducted a 12-week controlled interrupted time series study in two control and one intervention sites containing three hyrax dens each. Control measures were implemented since 1996 but cases still occur. They inhabit dens of hyraxes, the reservoir animal. Zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL) is endemic in Palestine and transmitted by Phlebotomus sand flies. However, the geographic distribution, the specific abundance, and the activity reveal significant differences between endemic and nonendemic areas in the region. perniciosus vectors of Leishmania infantum and P. We affirm the coexistence, in the study area, of vectors of both cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, namely P. But, in Oued Laou village, a unimodal density distribution for species of the Larroussius subgenus and a bimodal seasonal distribution for species of the subgenus Paraphlebotomus were identified. Seasonal fluctuation in sand fly density showed a bimodal pattern for the subgenus Larroussius and a unimodal pattern for the subgenus Paraphlebotomus in Tetouan city. The spatio-temporal distribution of sand fly populations is discussed according to biotic and abiotic variables. Phlebotomus perniciosus was dominant in the nonendemic area (47%) while Phlebotomus sergenti was dominant in the endemic area (51%). longicuspis, Phlebotomus perniciosus, Phlebotomus kazeruni, and Phlebotomus sergenti, while the genus Sergentomyia was represented by only one species Sergentomyia minuta. The genus Phebotomus was represented by five species: Phlebotomus ariasi, Phlebotomus. Using Sticky-paper traps, 8,370 specimens were collected between May and November 2015 in two localities: peri-urban area of Tetouan city, where leishmaniasis is endemic and that of the Oued Laou village where no cases of leishmaniasis have been recorded. Our entomological investigations aim to evaluate the risk of Leishmania transmission by determining the species composition, the density, and seasonal fluctuation of sand fly populations in endemic and nonendemic areas of leishmaniasis in Tetouan province (North-Western Morocco). Northern Morocco is endemic for cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. The results warrant further research using a combination of more than two markers including mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial markers, which may provide more information to clarify the genetic status of Ph. The present study revealed significant genetic diversity within Ph. Analysis by Tajima’s D and Fu’s Fs tests revealed a possible recent expansion of the populations, especially with the EF-1α marker, showing significant values in Taza and Ouarzazate sequences. ![]() Many polymorphic sites detected in the Cyt b sequences (SCyt b = 45) indicate that it is the most polymorphic marker showing a distinct distribution of haplotypes according to their geographical origin, whereas the EF-1α marker showed no geographical isolation. Our results showed a considerable degree of intraspecific polymorphism with a high number of haplotypes identified in both genes. We studied a set of diversity and population structure indices by sequencing two markers nuclear EF-1α and mitochondrial Cyt b from 175 individual sand flies. sergenti collected in four foci in Morocco: Taza, Foum Jemâa, El Hanchane, and Ouarzazate. The main objective of our study was to analyze the genetic diversity of Ph. This species has an extended geographical distribution, wider than that of the parasite. Phlebotomus (Ph.) sergenti is the main vector of Leishmania (L.) tropica (Trypanosomatida: Trypanosomatidae), the causative agent of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in Morocco. ![]()
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